Authors

Geraldine Butler, University College Dublin
Matthew D. Rasmussen, MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Michael F. Lin, MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Manuel A.S. Santos, Universidade de Aveiro
Sharadha Sakthikumar, Broad Institute
Carol A. Munro, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition
Esther Rheinbay, MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Manfred Grabherr, Broad Institute
Anja Forche, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Jennifer L. Reedy, Duke University Medical Center
Ino Agrafioti, Imperial College London
Martha B. Arnaud, Stanford University School of Medicine
Steven Bates, University of Exeter
Alistair J.P. Brown, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition
Sascha Brunke, Hans-Knoll-Institute (HKI)
Maria C. Costanzo, Stanford University School of Medicine
David A. Fitzpatrick, University College Dublin
Piet W.J. De Groot, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences
David Harris, Wellcome Sanger Institute
Lois L. Hoyer, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Bernhard Hube, Hans-Knoll-Institute (HKI)
Frans M. Klis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences
Chinnappa Kodira, Broad Institute
Nicola Lennard, Wellcome Sanger Institute
Mary E. Logue, University College Dublin
Ronny Martin, Hans-Knoll-Institute (HKI)
Aaron M. Neiman, Stony Brook University
Elissavet Nikolaou, University of Aberdeen School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition
Michael A. Quail, Wellcome Sanger Institute
Janet Quinn, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Faculty of Medical Sciences
Maria C. Santos, Universidade de Aveiro

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-4-2009

Abstract

Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection worldwide. Here we report the genome sequences of six Candida species and compare these and related pathogens and non-pathogens. There are significant expansions of cell wall, secreted and transporter gene families in pathogenic species, suggesting adaptations associated with virulence. Large genomic tracts are homozygous in three diploid species, possibly resulting from recent recombination events. Surprisingly, key components of the mating and meiosis pathways are missing from several species. These include major differences at the mating-type loci (MTL); Lodderomyces elongisporus lacks MTL, and components of the a1/α2 cell identity determinant were lost in other species, raising questions about how mating and cell types are controlled. Analysis of the CUG leucine-to-serine genetic-code change reveals that 99% of ancestral CUG codons were erased and new ones arose elsewhere. Lastly, we revise the Candida albicans gene catalogue, identifying many new genes. © 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

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