Using a boundary organization approach to develop a sea level rise and storm surge impact analysis framework for coastal communities in Maine
Abstract
Sea-level rise impact assessments are urgently needed by local planners to make informed decisions about adaptation and vulnerability. Most assessments to date, however, focus on large urban centers, coastlines of economic significance, or involve physical or economic modeling expertise that may be expensive or unavailable to town planners. Despite the large number of small coastal communities in the USA, few methodologies have been developed based on locally available data and expertise. Our research team at Bowdoin College served as a boundary organization working with community stakeholders to identify and meet their needs in developing a simplified, inexpensive methodology based on widely available data to assess sea level rise (SLR) and storm surge impacts on coastal Maine communities. We used two municipalities, Brunswick and Harpswell, as case studies. LIDAR maps were used in a geographic information system framework to model SLR scenarios (projected for the year 2100) of 0. 61 (2 ft), 1, and 2 m. Storm surge scenarios based on historical data were modeled additively to SLR projections. We analyzed the potential impacts of SLR and storm surge changes on land acreage, buildings, transportation networks, piers, and coastal marshes. Coastal Maine communities may face substantial impacts to land, infrastructure, intertidal ecosystems, and livelihoods. We identify issues in existing data and governance structures that make implementing this simplified analysis challenging, and we suggest recommendations for overcoming them. Our work provides a useful framework for assessing vulnerability and resilience at the municipal level and the development of subnational adaptation protocols. © 2012 AESS.